The Expectancy Model of Motivation

6-12

Effort

Performance

E P expectancy

Perceived probability

of successful

performance,

given effort

P O expectancy

Perceived probability of

receiving an outcome,

given successful

performance

Instrumentality

Perceived probability of a

first-level outcome leading

to a second-level outcome

Second-level outcomes,

each with valence

First-level outcomes,

each with valence

Outcome A

(extrinsic)

Outcome B

(extrinsic)

Outcome C

(intrinsic)

Outcome D

Outcome E

Motivation is expressed as follows:

M = [E ® P] å[(P ® O) (V)]

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