 | If it is in the corporations (self-) interest
 | reputation and image
 | loss of reputation (Brent Spar and Shell)
 | enhancing attractiveness to stakeholders (potential employees/ managers, investors)
| |  | corporate code of ethics (e.g. report illegal/ unethical behavior [whistle-blower], ethical ombudsman)
 | national/ international law, accompanied by formal punitive sanctions | | | |